Indicative contents

• Introduction to Biomedical Instrumentation
  Sources of Biomedical potentials. Different bioelectric signals like ECG, EMG & EEG.
  
• Bio potential Electrodes
  Basic electrode theory, Nernst equation, electrical conductivity of electrode jellies & creams, skin contact impedance & its measurement. Electrodes for ECG, EEE & EMG.
• Cardiovascular System
  Physiology of heart & cardiovascular system, ECG lead configuration, ECG recorders, Vector cardiograph, Phonocardiograph, measurement of cardiac output, blood flow & blood pressure.
• Central Nervous System
  Anatomy of nervous system, neuronal communication, neuronal receptors. The sematic & autonomic nervous system & spinal reflexes. Neuronal firing measurements, EEG measurements, Recorder for EEG & EMG.
• Respiratory system
  Physiology of respiratory system; breathing mechanism. Measurements of various volumes/capacity of lungs. Spirometer; blood gas analysers.
• Therapeutic Equipments
  Cardiac pacemakers, cardiac defibrillators, nerve & muscle stimulators, Diathermy, short wave, ultrasonic waves and methods. Therapeutic equipment for respiratory systems. Inhalers, ventilators, nebulizers.
• Electrical safety
  General consideration for biomedical recorder amplifiers, sources of noise in zero level recording circuits, physiological effects of electrical currents, electric shock hazards, and leakage currents, methods of accident prevention. Test instruments for checking safety parameters of biomedical equipments.
• Biosensors
  Introduction to biosensors and biomedical sensing, Classification, Biological Elements, Immobilization of Biological Component, Biocompatibility and Surface Fouling, Transducers I—Electrochemistry, Transducers II—Optical Methods, Transducers III—Other Transducers, Bio-MEMS, Nanobiosensors, Biomedical Applications.
   

Recommended reading

• Essential Reading
  1. Course Notes

• Books
  1. R.S.Khandpur, Handbook of Biomedical Instrumentation Tata McGraw Hill, 2003.
  2. L.Cromwell, F.Weibell, E.A. Pfciffer, Biomedical Instrumentation & Measurements,PHI Pub 1999.
  3. J.J.Carr & J.M.Brown, Introduction to Biomedical Equipment Technology, Prentice Hall, 1993.
  4. J.G.Webster, Medical Instrumentation, 3rd edition, John Wiley, 2004.
  5. Brian R. Eggins, Biosensors: An Introduction, John Wiley & Sons, 1997.
  6. Donald G. Buerk , Biosensors: Theory and Applications, Technomics Pub. Co. 1995.
  7. M. Kohler, Microsystem Technology: A Powerful Tool for Biomolecular Studies (Biomethods), Springer Verlag, 1998.
      
• Internet Sites

1. http://www.thomasregisterdirectory.com/laboratory_equipment_supplies/biomedical_instruments_0031914_1.html
2. http://www.ebme.co.uk/links.htm
3. http://sensors-transducers.globalspec.com/Industrial-Directory/biomedical_instrumentation

• Laboratory

1. Hardware: 8051 Microcontroller, OPAMPS, instrumentation amplifiers, ECG, EEG, EMG, and EOG electrodes,  ECG simulator, ADC’s and DAC’s, National Instruments data acquisition card
2. Software: Kiel software, LABVIEW, Measurement and Automation explorer.
3. Software Manuals: LABVIEW user Manual.